Diet composition and its association with the metabolically healthy phenotype on the baseline of ELSA-Brasil cohort
Name: SARA RODRIGUES ALVES
Type: MSc dissertation
Publication date: 14/12/2017
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| CAROLINA PERIM DE FARIA | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| CAROLINA PERIM DE FARIA | Advisor * |
| JOSE GERALDO MILL | Internal Alternate * |
| JOSÉ LUIZ MARQUES ROCHA | External Alternate * |
| MARIA DEL CARMEN BISI MOLINA | Internal Examiner * |
Summary: Obesity is a multifactorial disease and is considered a risk factor for the development
of chronic non communicable diseases. However, there are obese individuals who do
not present an unfavorable metabolic profile, denominated in the literature as
metabolically healthy obese. It is believed that genetic factors, lifestyle among other
characteristics may influence the determination of this group. Among the described
lifestyle factors, food consumption should be highlighted; the use of this variable in
epidemiological studies tends to be limited and, consequently, inconclusive. Thus,
the objective of this research was to investigate the association between dietary
intake and metabolically healthy obesity. The research population came from the
baseline of ELSA-Brasil (N = 15,105) and after exclusion criteria, the final sample
was of 2,033 individuals. They were classified as obese when presented a BMI ≥ 30
kg / m², IDF and NHANES criteria were used to define the outcome. The mean age of
participants was 53.3 years and 1130 (55.6%) were women. A prevalence of 19.3%
of metabolically healthy obesity was observed for this sample. Regarding food
consumption, total lipids (g) (OR 1.007), including saturated fat (g) (OR 1.017) and
trans fat (g) (OR 1.119) were positively associated to the outcome even after
adjustment for the socioeconomic, health and lifestyle variables. The younger age,
female gender, better self-perception of health, active employment status, strong
physical activity levels, lower BMI and lower weight gain since 20 years of age were
positively associated with the healthy phenotype. It can be concluded that nutrient
intake was associated with metabolically healthy obesity in a manner different from
that recommended in dietary guidelines, even after adjustment; demonstrating that,
even though nutritional differences are quite small, healthy individuals have poorer
food behavior. Such a finding suggests that other factors, not addressed by the
present research, such as epigenetic issues or the interactions between food and
nutrients (eating patterns) may be the missing link in the study of metabolically
healthy obesity.
Key words: Obesity. Metabolically healthy obese. Epidemiology. Public health.
Food Consumption.
